Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse happens when part of the rectum slips out through the anus. The rectum is the last part of the large intestine. Usually, it stays inside the body. However, with rectal prolapse, it can turn inside out and stick out. This condition can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in older adults and women. Early treatment can help prevent problems. According to the CDC, rectal prolapse is not life-threatening, but it can cause discomfort and other issues.

Common Symptoms

Recognizing rectal prolapse symptoms early is important. Symptoms may start mild but can get worse over time. For example, you may notice:

A lump or bulge coming out of the anus, especially after a bowel movement

Feeling like your bowel is not empty after going to the bathroom

Leakage of stool or mucus from the anus

Bleeding or irritation around the anus

Discomfort or pain in the rectal area

Sometimes, the prolapse may go back in on its own. But over time, it may stay outside and need medical help.

Main Causes and Risk Factors

There are several rectal prolapse causes. Often, more than one factor plays a role. Some common causes and risk factors include:

Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements

Weakness in the pelvic floor muscles

Previous injury or surgery in the pelvic area

Older age, as muscles weaken over time

Long-term diarrhea

Conditions like cystic fibrosis or nerve damage

Being female, especially after childbirth

Additionally, people with a family history of rectal prolapse may have a higher risk. According to the World Health Organization, keeping bowels healthy can lower some risks.

How Rectal Prolapse is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose rectal prolapse. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they do a physical exam. During the exam, you may be asked to strain as if having a bowel movement. This helps the doctor see if the rectum slips out. In some cases, tests like:

Anoscopy (looking inside the anus with a small tube)

Colonoscopy (examining the colon for other problems)

Imaging tests, such as MRI or X-rays

These tests help rule out other causes and plan the best treatment. Early diagnosis can make treatment easier and more effective.

Treatment Options

Rectal prolapse treatment depends on how severe the problem is. For mild cases, non-surgical options may help. However, more serious cases often need rectal prolapse surgery. Treatment options include:

Non-Surgical Treatments

Eating more fiber to prevent constipation

Using stool softeners as advised by your doctor

Pelvic floor exercises to strengthen muscles

Manual reduction, where the prolapse is gently pushed back in

These methods may work for early or mild cases. But if symptoms do not improve, surgery may be needed.

Surgical Treatments

Rectopexy: The rectum is secured inside the body

Resection: Removing a small part of the rectum

Perineal surgery: Done through the area around the anus, often for older adults

Doctors choose the best surgery based on your age, health, and the type of prolapse. Surgery usually has good results. According to medical journals, most people recover well after surgery.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While not all cases can be prevented, some steps may lower your risk. For instance, you can:

Eat a high-fiber diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Drink plenty of water each day

Avoid straining during bowel movements

Exercise regularly to keep muscles strong

Follow your doctor’s advice if you have chronic constipation or diarrhea

These habits can help keep your bowels healthy and may prevent rectal prolapse from getting worse.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any rectal prolapse symptoms, see a doctor soon. Early care can prevent problems. You should also seek help if:

The prolapse does not go back in

You have bleeding, pain, or signs of infection

You cannot control your bowel movements

Prompt treatment can improve your quality of life. In some cities, you may find specialists who treat rectal prolapse. Ask your doctor for a referral if needed.

In summary, rectal prolapse can be managed with the right care. If you have symptoms, consult a specialist for personalized guidance.